Breast Cancer - Symptoms and Causes || Dr Abida Sultana

 

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Breast cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts

After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common type diagnosed in women in the United States. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women; however, it is much more common in women.

Considerable support for breast cancer awareness and research funding has helped create advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Breast cancer survival rates have increased and the number of deaths associated with the disease is steadily declining, largely due to factors such as early detection, a new personalized treatment approach, and a better understanding of the disease.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of breast cancer may include:

• A lump or thickening in the breast that feels different from the surrounding tissue.
• Change in size, shape, or appearance of a breast.
• Changes in the skin over the breast, such as dimpling.
• Recent nipple inversion
• Scaling, sloughing, crusting, and peeling of the pigmented area of ​​skin surrounding the nipple (areola) or skin of the breast
• Redness or small holes in the skin over your breast, like the skin of an orange.

Causes

Doctors know that breast cancer occurs when some cells in the breast begin to grow abnormally. These cells divide more rapidly than healthy cells and continue to accumulate, forming a lump or tumor. The cells can spread (metastasize) through the breast to your lymph nodes or to other parts of your body.

Most often, breast cancer begins with cells in the milk-producing ducts (invasive ductal carcinoma). Breast cancer may also begin in glandular tissue known as lobules (invasive lobular carcinoma) or in other cells or tissue within the breast.

Researchers have identified hormonal, lifestyle, and environmental factors that may increase your risk of breast cancer. But it's not clear why some people with no risk factors develop cancer, but others with risk factors don't. Breast cancer is likely caused by a complex interaction of your genetic profile and your environment.

Hereditary breast cancer

Doctors estimate that between 5 and 10 percent of breast cancers are related to gene mutations passed through generations in a family.

Several inherited mutated genes have been identified that may increase the chance of breast cancer. The best known are breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and gene 2 (BRCA2), both of which significantly increase the risk of both breast and ovarian cancer.

If you have a strong family history of breast cancer or other cancers, your doctor may recommend a blood test to help identify specific BRCA mutations or other genes that are being passed down in your family.

Consider asking your doctor for a referral to a genetic counselor, who can evaluate your family health history. A genetic counselor can also discuss the benefits, risks, and limitations of genetic testing to help you with shared decision making.

prevention

Making changes to your daily life can help you reduce your risk of breast cancer. Try the following:

Talk to your doctor about breast cancer screening tests. Talk to your doctor about when to start breast cancer screening tests and exams, such as clinical breast exams and mammograms.

Talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks of screening tests. Together you can decide which breast cancer screening strategies are best for you.

Get familiar with your breasts during a breast awareness self-exam. Women may wish to become familiar with their breasts by occasionally inspecting their breasts during a self-exam to become aware of their breasts. If there is a new change, lump, or other unusual sign in your breasts, talk to your doctor right away.

Breast awareness can't prevent breast cancer, but it can help you better understand the normal changes your breasts go through and identify any unusual signs and symptoms.

If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. Limit the amount of alcohol you consume to one drink per day, if you decide to drink.

Exercise most days of the week. Aim for 30 minutes of exercise on most days of the week. If you haven't exercised lately, ask your doctor if it's okay to start, and start slowly.

Limit postmenopausal hormone therapy. Combination hormone therapy may increase the risk of breast cancer. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of hormone therapy.

Some women experience bothersome signs and symptoms during menopause, and for these women, it may be acceptable to take the increased risk of breast cancer in order to alleviate the signs and symptoms of menopause.

To reduce the risk of breast cancer, use the lowest possible dose of hormone therapy for the shortest possible period.

Maintain a healthy weight. If your weight is healthy, try to maintain it. If you need to lose weight, ask your doctor about healthy strategies to achieve it. Reduce the number of calories you consume each day and slowly increase the amount of physical activity.

Opt for a healthy diet. Women who follow a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil and mixed nuts may have a reduced risk for breast cancer. The Mediterranean diet is focused on plant-based foods, such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts. People who follow the Mediterranean diet choose healthy fats, such as olive oil, instead of butter, and fish instead of red meat.

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